Ancient Cities of Turkey
Turkey is a treasure trove of ancient civilizations. From Greek colonies to Roman metropolises, Hittite capitals to Byzantine centers, explore the most important ancient cities across this remarkable land.
Why Turkey is a Cradle of Civilization
Few places on Earth can match Turkey's density of ancient sites. Situated at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, this land has been home to some of history's most influential civilizations: Hittites, Greeks, Persians, Romans, Byzantines, and more.
The phrase “ancient cities that don't exist anymore” is somewhat misleading when it comes to Turkey. While these cities are no longer inhabited, many survive as remarkably well-preserved archaeological sites, offering visitors a direct connection to the ancient world.
From the legendary walls of Troy to the mountain fortress of Termessos, from the library of Ephesus to the thermal pools of Hierapolis, Turkey's ancient cities span millennia of human achievement.
Must-Visit Ancient Cities
Termessos
The unconquered Pisidian mountain fortress that resisted Alexander the Great. Dramatically positioned at 1,050m elevation with a stunning theatre and extensive necropolis.
Ephesus
One of the largest and best-preserved ancient cities in the Mediterranean. Home to the Library of Celsus, one of the Seven Churches of Asia, and once housed the Temple of Artemis - a Wonder of the Ancient World.
Pergamon
Center of art, learning, and medicine in the ancient world. The Acropolis sits dramatically atop a hill, featuring the steepest theatre of antiquity and the famous Altar of Zeus.
More Ancient Cities to Explore
Hierapolis-Pamukkale
Ancient spa city built around thermal springs, now paired with the stunning white travertine terraces of Pamukkale. Features an extensive necropolis and well-preserved theatre.
Troy
The legendary city of Homer's Iliad. Archaeological excavations have revealed nine distinct settlement layers spanning three millennia, bringing myth to life.
Aspendos
Home to the best-preserved Roman theatre in the world, still hosting performances today. The theatre's remarkable acoustics allow a whisper on stage to be heard in the top rows.
Perge
One of the principal cities of ancient Pamphylia, featuring impressive Roman gates, a colonnaded street, extensive baths, and a large stadium.
Aphrodisias
A UNESCO World Heritage Site dedicated to Aphrodite, renowned for its exceptional sculpture school. Features a remarkably complete stadium and elegant tetrapylon gate.
Planning Your Ancient City Tour
Transportation
Most major ancient sites are accessible by car or organized tour. Renting a car offers the most flexibility, especially for remote sites like Termessos. Major sites like Ephesus have regular bus connections from nearby cities.
Best Time to Visit
Spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October) offer ideal weather. Summer can be extremely hot at exposed sites. Winter is quieter but some mountain sites may be inaccessible due to weather.
Museum Pass
The Museum Pass Turkey provides entry to many archaeological sites and museums for a single fee. It can offer significant savings if visiting multiple sites. Note: Not all sites accept the pass (Termessos is managed separately as a national park).
Essential Tips
- Wear comfortable walking shoes - ancient sites have uneven terrain
- Bring sun protection - most sites have limited shade
- Carry water, especially in summer
- Arrive early to avoid crowds and heat
- Consider hiring a guide for richer historical context
FAQs About Turkey's Ancient Sites
What is the city of Ephesus called today?
The modern town near ancient Ephesus is called Selcuk (Selchuk). The ancient city itself is preserved as an archaeological site and is not inhabited. Selcuk offers hotels, restaurants, and serves as the base for visiting Ephesus.
Are there any 'ancient cities that don't exist anymore'?
Many ancient cities have completely disappeared or remain unexcavated. However, Turkey is remarkable for preserving numerous ancient cities. Sites like Termessos, Ephesus, and Pergamon still exist as archaeological sites - they're 'ancient cities' that very much still exist, though no longer inhabited.
What does 'Antik Kenti' mean?
Antik Kenti is Turkish for 'Ancient City.' You'll see this phrase on road signs, maps, and tourism materials throughout Turkey. For example, 'Termessos Antik Kenti' simply means 'Termessos Ancient City.'
Start Your Journey at Termessos
Among Turkey's many ancient cities, Termessos offers a uniquely adventurous experience. Explore our comprehensive guide to this unconquered mountain fortress.